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Mind-altering substances have been used throughout history. The earliest psychoactive drugs were derived from plants, but technological advances have introduced substances that have been synthesized de novo or that result from modifications of older drugs. Millions now experiment with such substances or use them recreationally. Certain drugs
have traditionally been linked to specific social or cultural groups: for example, we associated reggae with marijuana, young urban professionals (yuppies) with cocaine, and electronic music fans with amphetamines. Such ties are unsupported, however, from the health care professional’s vantage, not only because the market for any type of drug is
more widespread than any of these social settings but also because it is common for users to combine several substances in pursuit of different effects. Several drugs are sometimes used on a single night. Street drugs cause of a large number
of medical problems that lead users to seek emergency care. This review discusses the most common new substances on 26the street at the beginning of the 21st century and their effects on health.
